2015年三月，一种由Ziebel公司生产的重力式碳化复合电缆 — Z-Line在油气行业中首次被用来获取有价值的温度分布数据和声波光纤分布数据。Ziebel一次性安装在井中可实现长期的井下数据监测，为油田生产提供全周期的保护。
Z-Line在挪威的海上油田得到了首次应用。整套系统配合标准的重力式电缆和干式封隔压力控制设备（无油脂注入）被下入到一口平台井的9684 ft（2952m）处。作业过程中系统各项机械指标正常，作业者获得了质量极高的分布式光纤数据（DFO），这些数据对后续工作具有非常高的价值。
“我们非常高兴地看到Z-Line在其第一口商业修井作业中的成功表现。”Ziebel的CEO Stig Hognestad说，“这标志着Ziebel团队完整的开发过程和严格的测试取得了成功。除此之外，该技术的成功对我们以及整个行业的真正意义在于，它证明了Z-line系统的功能在实际的井眼压力环境下获得了预期效果。此次应用的成功，表明这项服务已可以为其他作业者服务。”
Z-Line是基于Z-System碳复合材料技术发展起来的，这项技术能够帮油田公司获取至关重要的井况信息。这两者（Z-Line和Z-System）之间最主要的区别是Z-Line完成这些工作仅需更细的电缆，且是重力式的，通常单井修井作业时间更短。
Z-Line的直径为3/16 in（4.8mm），光纤由碳复合材料所包裹。这种设计让整条线缆上都可以进行分布温度感应（DTS）和分布声波感应（DAS）。另外，Ziebel的光点压力和温度传感器包含在底部钻具组合（BHA）中，装置本身带有一个连接扣，允许标准的存储式测井工具接在BHA以下。Z-Line的安装和配置与标准的套管井电缆测井配置一致，尽管分布式测量采集方法不同，其在井下工作时线缆处于静止状态。
应用与优势
碳化复合材料使得线缆有着极高的强度重量比，与直径接近的钢缆或者绳缆相比，其抗断强度（6,600lbs/3,000kg）要大很多。光滑的外表面加工使其能够有效密封，对金属的低摩擦系数以及线缆的相对刚度增加其下至斜井段的能力。另外，较小的摩擦力减小了磨蚀以及标准电缆和钢丝作业引起的油管磨损。
Z-Line的应用
- 井筒完整性，生产井：环空渗漏检测来源以及进行套管检测后的流体运移；
- 井筒完整性，注入井：确保在过压实区域没有不必要的注入。决定需要进行修井作业还是继续注入作业；
- 永久弃井：提供信息优化桥塞的个数，决定下入深度，确定套管切割位置，验证井筒完整性；
- 生产优化：确定稳定生产井所需的气举参数以及最优的气体注入体积/生产比率。验证GLVs（气举阀）按正确的步骤操作且偏心堵塞器没有泄露，优化的气举系统可以增加最多15%的产量，节约注气成本。
技术优势
- 低密度，高强度
- 井筒磨损低
- 应用范围更广
- 不影响井筒液体流动，提供的数据更真实
- 不需要注入控压油脂
- 一次安装，永久使用，提供长时间的数据保证
- 更好的声学耦合效果
如需获取关于该技术的更多资料，请联系石油圈技术运营 Demons，QQ：2582825239。
作者/OE Staff 译者/白小明 编辑/Lemon
Stavanger-based Ziebel announced that for the first time in oil and gas history, the Z-Line, a gravity-deployed slim carbon composite cable, was used to acquire meaningful distributed temperature and distributed acoustic fiber optic data during a commercial well intervention.
The Z-Line made its inaugural run for a major operator offshore Norway. The system accessed a platform well to a depth of 9684ft with standard wireline-type gravity deployment and dry sealing pressure control equipment (no grease injection). All mechanical requirements of the line functioned successfully, and high quality distributed fiber optic (DFO) data was acquired for the operator.
“We are very pleased with the Z-Line’s successful performance during its first commercial well intervention,” says Stig Hognestad, Ziebel CEO. “It marks the culmination of a thorough process of development and rigorous testing by the Ziebel team. The real significance for us – and the industry – is that it proves that the system functions as intended in an actual live pressured well environment. With the success of this launch, the service is now available to all operators.”
Z-Line builds upon the proven Z-System carbon composite technology, which delivers critical decision-making well information to oil companies. The key difference between the two is that the Z-Line does so from a smaller wireline footprint, and, being gravity deployed, with a typically shorter intervention time per well.
The Z-Line is a 3/16 in. (4.8mm) diameter carbon composite line with embedded optical fibers at its core. This enables distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to be performed along the full length of the line. In addition, Ziebel’s optical point pressure and temperature sensors are contained within the bottom hole assembly (BHA), along with a connection to enable standard memory logging tools to be run below the BHA. The rig-up and footprint are similar to that of a standard wireline cased-hole setup, although the distributed measurement acquisition method does differ in that it is carried out with the line parked stationary in the well.
The carbon composite material enables the line to have an extremely high strength-to-weight ratio, with a breaking strength (6,600lbs/3,000kg) well in excess of what can be achieved with a similar diameter of steel wire or braided line. The smooth outer finish makes for effective sealing, and the low friction coefficient to steel plus the relative stiffness of the line gives it increased ability to reach into deviated wells. In addition, the low friction reduces the abrasion and tubing wear associated with standard wireline or slickline runs.
Z-Line applications
Applications that can be addressed with the service include:
- Well Integrity, producers: annular leak detection source and fluid migration behind casing detection.
- Well Integrity, injectors: verify that no unwanted injection occurs into the overburden. Decide, with confidence, whether remedial work is required or to resume injection.
- P&A: provide information to help optimize the number of plugs and to decide where they should be set, to determine where to safely cut casing strings, and to verify wellbore integrity.
- Production optimization: determine gas lift settings required for a stable flow regime and the optimal gas injection volume/production ratio. Verify that GLVs operate in the right sequence and that dummy valves are not leaking. An optimized gas lift system can increase production by up to 15% and save gas injection costs.
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