套管和固井作业对井眼稳定性来说至关重要,糟糕的固井质量会给油气井带来致命的问题,正确理解扶正器的合理配置是成功的关键。
下套管时,需要使用节箍将两根套管连接到一起,节箍使套管变得具有刚性,在将套管下入到裸眼段时可能引起诸如沟槽或键槽等问题,这些问题在任何位置都必须加以避免。在裸眼段,井壁比较尖锐、坚硬,同时比较脆弱。套管则很重、很结实,不易弯曲。井眼粗糙度通常被忽略,但在下套管时应该被考虑在内。
通常,假设水平井的特点为水平、平直、光滑。而实际上,在井眼钻进过程中,钻头会转动,施加扭矩,将岩石破坏,形成井眼,这会引发螺旋效应。井眼实际上既不平直也不光滑,套管下到裸眼段后,必须适应粗糙、刚性井眼的弯曲度。石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
重力有助于将套管下入井底,同时也需要辅助其他工具将管串下至井底。
如何将套管下至井底,并取得良好的固井质量,居中度是关键。居中度是套管壁和井壁之间的空隙,通常用百分比表示,表明套管在井眼的居中情况。井眼不同位置的居中度会有不同,但如果在任意位置出现居中度低于67%的情况,将带来严重的后果。
在下套管的时候,扶正器配置不合理或者下的太少,会大幅增加摩阻。套管和节箍会增加摩阻,从而需要额外的下压力将套管下到位。键槽会造成井壁形成沟槽,造成漏失,甚至是卡钻。
上述问题都可以通过合理的扶正器配置、获得最佳的居中效果来避免。在许多井中,常会出现井壁冲蚀现象,需要大量使用额外的水泥解决。但目前还没有或者极少有针对这种情况使用的扶正器类型的讨论。石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
合理的扶正器配置,是成本最低、最可靠的将套管下至井底并获得最佳固井质量的方法,糟糕的固井作业会带来致命的后果。
如果不使用扶正器进行固井,套管会贴在井壁。由于水泥流动性很强,会沿阻力最小的路线流动,在水平段水泥不会流到套管底部。
单纯地靠旋转无法使套管居中。套管不会悬浮在上井壁,我们无法保证套管在深达5公里的井底还保持良好的悬浮状态。
水泥的作用是保持井眼稳定,避免气侵和腐蚀。压裂后,糟糕的固井作业会引起产量损失、地层污染和提前修井。这会减少产量,增加成本,而使用扶正器则可以提高而非缩短油气井寿命。
自2001年成立以来,Centek公司打造了多款性能突出的扶正器产品,在全球各区块均有良好的应用效果。其中,除了UROS-CT外,S2扶正器也是该公司最受好评的扶正器产品之一。S2扶正器彻底颠覆了在此之前的传统设计,到目前为止,已多次被证实其可减少作业失败次数,有效地为作业者减少作业时间,降低作业成本,多次帮助作业者顺利将套管下入到目标位置。
更简化更智能石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
S2扶正器采用非焊接的一体式结构设计,使其没有薄弱点,并且具有超高强度。该扶正器最初的设计目的在于替换固体式扶正器,用于下套管作业,以及复杂井身结构,如水平井、大位移井、J-型井、S-型井和具有其他井身结构设计的井。
S2扶正器满尺寸加工,具有极大的恢复力和弹性,S2弓形弹性扶正器具有如下特点:
- 在最具挑战性的井况,仍具有极佳的居中能力;
- 无需启动初始力和下放力;石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 低摩擦系数意味着极小的扭矩损失,降低了摩阻;
- 优化以后的扶正效果,可以提高固井过程中套管的旋转和上提下放能力。
女皇创新奖得主石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
在过去几年里,S2扶正器荣获了诸多奖项,包括久负盛名的女皇创新大奖。
S2扶正器设计可应用于直井、大位移水平井、小公差井或者下部扩眼井:
- 符合API标准;石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 非焊接光滑整体弓形剖面;
- 一体式弓形设计,提高强度和性能;
- 无薄弱点;石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 无需启动初始力和下放力,超大恢复力;
- 低摩擦系数;石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 极小的旋转扭矩损失;
- 极小的制动效应;石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 通过优化扶正设计,提高旋转能力。
Centek S2扶正器在美国页岩气区块应用中取得了巨大成功,当地对固井质量的监管要求是全世界最严格的,S2扶正器可以带来最佳的扶正效果和流体循环能力,形成稳固的水泥层,保证了一口井在整个生命周期内的完整性和产量。
应用范围石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 胶结疏松的井;
- 大位移井、水平井、大斜度井;
- 高温/高压井,地热井;
- 页岩油气井;石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
- 垂直井及简单井;
- 裸眼完井、压裂、膨胀封隔器完井;
- 防砂完井。石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
CENTEK UROS扶正器可以在套管和裸眼井段旋转超过12个小时,起出后未损坏、无破损。
坐标:欧洲,挪威,Starfsh油田
技术挑战石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
作业者需要将7”(磅级32.0#/ft)尾管下入8 1/2”裸眼至3600米,需要通过套管内径为8.535”的井段( 套管尺寸9 5/8”,磅级53.5#/ft)。尾管在下入裸眼段期间,可以部分转动,在出套管的时候以20rpm的转速转动了约12个小时。扶正器还通过了一个斜向器窗口,最终由于距井底40米管串无法下到位而起出了尾管。
解决方案石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
使用55个型号为7” x 9 ½” 的Centek UROS扶正器。
如果采用低质量、脆弱、铰接的弓形弹性扶正器,可能造成严重的问题,损坏扶正器,而使用Centek扶正器不会出现这种情况。
应用结果石油圈原创www.oilsns.com
现场监督和固井人员检查了所有的扶正器/接头,发现出井扶正器唯一的损坏仅是少量的螺栓槽变弯了。
Centek UROS一体式扶正器,比其他同类产品更坚固,强度更大。尽管Centek不建议重复使用起出后的扶正器,但本次应用证明了经历过极端应力条件后, 具有独特设计的Centek扶正器状态依然良好,仍然可以再次入井。
来自/Centek 译者/白小明 编辑/Leia
Simply Smarter
The non-welded, one-piece construction means the S2 has no weak points making it ultra-high-strength. It is designed specifically to replace a solid body type centralizer for casing running applications and severe well geometries when run in horizontal, long ERD, J-type, S-type and other well designs.
The S2 is manufactured to gauge and has exceptional restoring force and outstanding flexibility down hole. The S2 bow spring centralizer offers:
- Optimum standoff capability in even the most challenging well conditions;
- Zero start and running forces;
- A low friction coefficient, which means minimal torque losses and reduced drag;
- Enhanced rotation and reciprocation during cementing due to optimized centralization.
Award winning innovation
Over the years the S2 has received a number of awards including the prestigious Queens Award for innovation.
S2 Award Winning Innovation
- Designed for well applications and geometries for vertical, horizontal ERD, close tolerance, or under reamed well conditions;
- API Rated;
- Non-welded smooth bow profle overall;
- Integral bow design for increased strength and performance;
- Zero weak points;
- Zero start and running force with exceptional restoring force;
- Low friction coeffcient;
- Minimum rotational torque losses;
- Minimize stall out effect;
- Enhanced rotation due to optimized centralization;
- Shale Production.
The Centek S2 has been an integral part of the success of US Shale play production. Working within some of the world’s toughest regulatory guidelines, the S2 provides excellent centralization, and fluid circulation required to give a robust cement sheath, which in turn ensures the integrity, production and overall life of the well.
Applications
- Unconsolidated wells;
- Extended reach, horizontal and highly deviated wells;
- High temperature/High pressure and Geothermal wells;
- Shale oil & gas wells;
- Vertical and simple wells;
- OH Completions, Frac and Swellables;
- Sandscreen completions.
CENTEK UROS CENTRAlIZERS CAN BE ROTATED FOR MORE THAN 12 HOURS IN THE CASED AND OPEN HOlE AND COME OUT UNDAMAGED AND WITH NO BREAKAGES
Region: Europe Country: Norway Location: Starfsh 3-ST2 Field: Starfsh
THE CHAllENGE
The operator needed to run 7”- 32.0#/ft liner into 8 1/2” OH passing through the 8.535” restriction of the 9 5/8” – 53.5#/ft casing with a TD of 3,600m.The liner was partially rotated in the open hole on the way in, and it was rotated for approximately 12 hours at 20rpm in the cased hole on the way out.The centralizers were also run through a whipstock window.
The liner was pulled due to hole conditions 40m short of TD.
THE SOlUTION
55 x 7” x 9 ½” Centek UROS centralizers Rotating with low quality, weak, hinged bow spring centralizers could destroy them and create serious problems. This is not the case with Centek centralizers.
THE RESUlT
OWS and the cementers inspected all the centralizers/collars and the only damage that could be seen was bending of some of the set screw sockets. The Centek UROS single piece construction gives it robustness and strength which exceeds that of competitor products. Although Centek does not recommend the re-use of centralizers when pulled out of hole this case study proves that even when subjected to extreme stresses the unique design of Centek centralizers meant that they remained in good condition and could be re-run.
“[We] will run the same centralizers again”Halliburton, Norway
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