石油圈中国石化新闻网讯 据管道油气报3月13日报道，伊斯兰堡（路透社）一名高级官员表示，巴基斯坦计划在明年提供数十个天然气田特许权以弥补燃料短缺，伊斯兰堡希望激进暴力事件的急剧下降以及勘探政策的变化将吸引外国投资者。为了鼓励发展，政府还计划使其管道系统更容易获得和负担得起。 “如今管道系统正在运行的整个机制正在被重新审视，以使其更加放松管制，使其更加开放。” 尽管可以追溯到20世纪50年代，但大部分富含矿物质的南亚国家仍未开发天然气。传统的天然气储量估计为20万亿立方英尺，即560亿立方米，页岩气储量未受影响，超过100万亿立方英尺。 意大利埃尼集团和美国石油巨头埃克森美孚正在联合钻探巴基斯坦阿拉伯海的天然气，但是由于伊斯兰激进的暴力事件，许多其他西方公司在十多年前离开后还没有返回。 总理伊姆兰汗的能源改革工作组负责人纳迪姆巴巴尔告诉路透社，政府正在修改其天然气监管并制定其首个页岩气政策，今年晚些时候将发布许可证。 政府希望近几年可以提高安全性，这样广泛的管道网络将吸引到投资者。 巴巴尔在其位于首都伊斯兰堡的办公室表示，目前已确定30多个陆上天然气区块，政府计划在2019年底前通过一到两轮授权招标，拍卖其中的大部分区块。 我预计今年下半年我们将拍卖至少10个、甚至20个勘探区块。” 巴基斯坦石油部的一份年度报告显示，该国国内天然气产量在过去5年里已趋于稳定，从2012年至2013年的1.51万亿立方英尺降至2017/18年的1.46万亿立方英尺。 这导致了严重的天然气短缺，因为巴基斯坦人口（目前为2.08亿人口）在同一时期急剧上升，推动了工业和新发电厂的燃料需求增加。 根据巴基斯坦石油天然气监管局(Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority)的数据，2017-18年天然气需求预计为每日69亿立方英尺，比日产量高出近30亿立方英尺。 为了帮助填补赤字，巴基斯坦建立了两个LNG进口终端，预计2018-19年度的需求将达到697亿立方英尺/日，2019-20年度将达到7.06亿立方英尺/日。 但LNG价格昂贵，因此伊斯兰堡希望外国公司加大国内勘探力度。 巴巴尔表示，巴基斯坦也正在起草其第一个页岩气政策，该政策应于今年完成，并将于2020年上半年进行一轮授权。 美国国际开发署（USAID）最近的一项研究表明，仅在印度河下游地区，巴基斯坦的页岩气储量就超过100万亿立方英尺，足以满足目前至少几十年的需求。 巴巴尔表示，开发天然气生产的关键之一是让投资者能够负担得起且可靠地使用管道网络,目前正在起草这样的计划。 巴巴尔表示：“整个管道系统工作机制正在被重新审视，以使其更易管制，使其更加开放。” 丰富的区块和良好的数据 巴巴尔表示，拍卖的区块是“多产的……（有）好的数据”，感兴趣的公司包括沙特阿拉伯的Aramco，埃克森美孚和俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司。 他表示，巴基斯坦只有大约4%的陆地被勘探过，而且成功率高于国际平均水平，每三口井就有一口被发现。 巴巴尔表示，埃尼集团和埃克森美孚正在寻找天然气的海域附近，至少可以开发三个海上区块。 “我们将拍卖那些……可能是明年。” 巴巴尔表示，为了解决安全问题，将成立一个军事或准军事部队来保护正在巴基斯坦风险较高地区进行勘探的公司，并由公司承担费用。 巴巴尔表示：“类似中巴经济走廊（CPEC）模式将被开发出来。”指的是组建一个15000人的军队，旨在保护中巴经济走廊（CPEC）中北京资助的基础设施项目。 巴基斯坦还计划采取措施确保拍卖权不受政府或政策变化的影响，从而为投资者提供更大的监管确定性。 余小贞 编译自 管道油气报 原文如下： Pakistan to Open Gas Fields, Pipelines to Attract Foreign Investment Pakistan plans to offers dozens of gas field concessions in the coming year to fill in a fuel shortage, a senior official said, with Islamabad hoping a sharp drop in militant violence and changes to exploration policy will attract foreign investors. To encourage development, the government also plans to make its pipeline system more accessible and affordable. “The entire mechanism of how the pipeline system is working today is being is being re-looked at, to make it more deregulated, make it more open access.” Much of the mineral-rich South Asian nation remains unexplored despite gas discoveries dating back to the 1950s. Conventional gas reserves are estimated at 20 Tcf, or 560 Bcm, and shale gas reserves, which are untouched, at more than 100 Tcf. Italy’s ENI and U.S. oil major Exxon Mobil are jointly drilling for gas offshore in Pakistan’s Arabian Sea, but many other Western companies have not returned after leaving more than a decade ago because of Islamist militant violence. Nadeem Babar, head of Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Task Force on Energy Reforms, told Reuters the government was amending its natural gas regulation and drawing up its first-ever shale gas policy, with licensing rounds to follow later this year. The government hopes improving security in recent years and the country’s extensive pipeline network will attract investors. More than 30 onshore gas blocks have been identified and the government plans to auction a large chunk of them in one or two licensing rounds by the end of 2019, Babar said in his office in the capital Islamabad. “I expect in the second half of this year we will be auctioning at least 10, if not 20 blocks for exploration.” Pakistan’s domestic gas output has plateaued in the last five years, falling to 1.46 trillion cubic feet in 2017/18, from 1.51 Tcf in 2012-2013, according to an annual report from the Petroleum Ministry. This has led to severe gas shortages as Pakistan’s population, now at 208 million people, has risen sharply over the same period, driving fuel demand from industries and new power plants higher. Gas demand was estimated at 6.9 Bcf/d for 2017-18, according to Pakistan’s Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority, nearly 3 Bcf more than daily output. To help plug the deficit, Pakistan has built twoLNG import terminals, and demand is expected to hit 6.97 Bcf/d a day for 2018-19, and 7.06 Bcf/d in 2019-20. But LNG is expensive, so Islamabad wants foreign companies to ramp up domestic exploration. Babar said Pakistan was also drafting its first shale gas policy and it should be finished this year, with a licensing round in the first half of 2020. One recent study by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) put Pakistan’s shale gas reserves at more than 100 Tcf in the Lower Indus Region alone, enough to meet current demand for at least a few decades. One of the keys to developing natural gas production is to give investors affordable and reliable access to a pipeline network, Babar said, and such a plan is being drafted. “The entire mechanism of how the pipeline system is working today is being is being re-looked at, to make it more deregulated, make it more open access,” Babar said. Prolific Blocks and Good Data Babar said the blocks for auction were “prolific and … (had) good data”, with interested companies including Saudi Arabia’s Aramco, Exxon Mobil and Russia’s Gazprom. Only about 4 percent of Pakistan’s landmass has been explored, and the success rate, with one out of three wells making a find, is above the international average, he said. Babar said at least three more offshore blocks have also been carved out near where Eni and Exxon are searching for gas. “We will be auctioning those … probably next year.” To address security concerns, Babar said a military or a paramilitary unit will be created to guard companies that are exploring in the riskier parts of Pakistan, with the companies paying the costs. “A mechanism like what was done in CPEC will be developed,” Babar said, referring to a 15,000-strong army division set up to safeguard Beijing-funded infrastructure projects in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Pakistan also plans to introduce measures that ensure auction rights are unaffected by government or policy changes, to give investors greater regulatory certainty.
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