近期,国内外油气从业者又在石油工程技术上取得了一系列新进展,方向涉及钻完井装备、增产技术以及防腐等,本文即对这些新技术进行了概括性的介绍。
来自 | E&P
编译 | 张玉亭
当今世界油气工业正经历着前所未有的变革。页岩油气开发促进了水平钻完井、多级水力压裂以及连续管技术的开发与应用,也促进了水的处理、过滤及回收循环以及最小化环境影响等新技术的发展与改进。
钻井新工艺新材料、检测控制、通信和计算机、自动化系统等技术的进一步发展为复杂的深水油气勘探开发提供了条件。光导纤维、纳米技术正越来越多地引入到钻井行业,3D建模、成像技术及云计算将在提高油气井设计及作业效率中发挥重要作用。
近期,国内外各地区又取得了一系列技术新进展,包括防腐技术、钻完井技术装备以及增产增注相关进展。
预见性防腐管理技术–数字化检测工具
GE Oil & Gas最近发布了其最新的预见性防腐管理产品(PCM)—数字化检测工具。该工具可用于炼油管道等工业资产的防腐管理工作,采用内嵌式传感器,能够对管道情况进行连续检测,并对管道状态开展云计算分析,帮助作业者有效进行风险管理,提升正常作业时间并降低总体作业成本。PCM采用了GE的Rightrax超声传感器以及Predix云操作和咨询服务系统,能够连续收集并分析管道实时数据,实时监测与管道腐蚀相关的风险因素,帮助工业设施主动做好决策准备,从而实现对管道的数字化检测。PCM系统能够有效识别腐蚀风险,防止与管道腐蚀相关的事故的发生;同时还能提高检测数据的可靠性,降低人工检测中可能出现的检测误差,并且能够帮助用户模拟和预测由腐蚀和冲蚀引起的管道破坏情况。应用该工具系统能够延长管道和其他固定资产设施的运行寿命。
OpenPath Sequence导流增产服务技术
斯伦贝谢公司发布了OpenPath Sequence导流增产服务技术,新产品能够依次将酸液导入其他含油气区域,使得井眼控制面积达到最大化。与常规方法相比,酸液注入位置更加准确,增产效果更好。OpenPath Sequence技术是行业内第一种使用可降解纤维进行复核颗粒悬持的酸化增产技术,能够依次进行多层位的酸化作业。该技术适用于套管完井或者裸眼完井井眼,可用于针对碳酸盐储层开展的酸化压裂增产作业或者体积压裂增产作业。OpenPath Sequence技术已在中东和北美地区完成了现场试验,取得了可靠的导流和增产效果。
储层模拟软件—将数据融入图谱
CGG GeoSoftware公司最近发布了新版的HampsonRussell储层模拟软件,新版本软件新增了水平井眼的地层特征提取和预测功能,同时还具备升级版的地质统计数据绘图能力。HampsonRussell 10.2软件从提高产能入手,对工作流程进行了优化,更新了数据整理、反演和图谱预测等功能。主要改动包括新的数据整理、剩余正常时差校正和噪声衰竭和频谱均衡的FXY反褶积处理技术。目前反演计算能够得到叠前和叠后数据的相对波阻抗以及沿水平井眼的地层特征信息。这些新分析结果能够帮助用户利用获得的地层特征数据进行数据挖掘和解释,从而得到更加准确的储层模拟结果。新版的MapPredict软件是一种易上手的、基于图谱的多数据集成地质统计数据软件,将井眼数据、地震数据和地层属性特征数据集成到精确详细的图谱当中。MapPredict软件功能包含了HampsonRussell软件之前版本中的ISMap模块功能,具备水平井眼的处理能力。MapPredict软件特别适合于建立多重地震属性切片数据以及由井眼信息(如油气生产信息)得到的特征数据之间的相互关系。
新型钻井船设计降低开发建造和作业费用
GustoMSC设计的Scylax钻井船能够为中等水深到深水油气开发项目降低建造和作业费用。设计的关键在于聚焦深水钻井最为核心的功能需求。一般超深水装置多关注于较大的大钩载荷和处理能力,而一般的深水油气钻井来说则可以适当降低上述要求。根据合理化作业需求设计的Scylax钻井船,让钻井船的设计有了更多选项,从而能够实现降低建造和作业费用的目的。围绕钻井作业设计的Scylax钻井船采用单吊车单井架结构,具备离线接单根功能,配置了双BOP(防喷器)和大容量泥浆循环系统,具备3048m(10000ft)水深作业能力,能够提供紧凑的深水钻井服务。所有主要的钻井设备制造商的服务包产品都能够随时融入钻井船设计之中。
aspenONE v9.1最优化软件
AspenTech公司最近发布了最新的工程、制造和供应链管理软件aspenONE v9.1,新版软件能够帮助用户进行全系统优化并对LNG处理工艺进行故障排除,从而大幅降低能源消耗,同时避免一系列意外故障事件。新软件对管道系统和仪表图表编辑器进行了优化,使用起来更加简单便捷,能够提前展示出工程设计方案,提高工程预算的精度,降低了资本支出风险。软件更新内容包含了新版的Aspen Coil Wound Exchanger,与Aspen HYSYS软件集成使用能够在工艺和设备水平上对LNG处理过程中用到的所有低温换热器进行动态模拟。除此之外,Aspen- Tech还发布一个新模块aspenONE资产性能管理模块(APM),新模块将aspenONE的服务内容从工程、制造和供应链扩展至维修领域,以解决一系列关键业务难题,包括过程故障、资产利用率低和意外故障事件等。aspenONE软件的APM模块能够帮助公司进行资产全寿命周期内的优化管理。
Digital inspection tool for predictive corrosion management
GE Oil & Gas released its Predictive Corrosion Management, the company’s newest digital inspection tool for industrial assets such as refinery pipes, a press release stated. This new asset performance management tool uses embedded sensors to provide continuous inspection data and cloud-based analytics of pipe conditions to help operators manage risk, improve uptime and minimize total cost of operations. Predictive Corrosion Management uses a package of GE’s Rightrax installed ultrasonic sensors with the Predix cloud-based operating system and advisory services to continuously collect and analyze real-time performance data and monitor corrosion-related risk so facilities can proactively make disposition decisions, enabling “digital inspection” of pipes. This continuous inspection tool can identify corrosion before it becomes a problem. It also can improve the reliability of inspection data, remove manual inconsistencies and enable users to model and predict piping failures due to corrosion and erosion, all of which extends the runlife of pipes and other fixed assets.
Diversion stimulation service maximizes wellbore coverage
Schlumberger has released its OpenPath Sequence diversion stimulation service, a press release stated. The new service sequentially diverts acid into additional clusters or zones to maximize wellbore coverage, resulting in more precise treatment placement and greater production when compared to conventional methods. OpenPath Sequence service is the first in the industry to use degradable fibers to suspend multimodal particles that enable sequential stimulation of intervals in acid stimulations. Suitable for cased and openhole completions, the service can be used for acid fracturing or matrix stimulations in carbonate reservoirs. The service also is suited for restimulation treatments in mature fields. This acid diversion stimulation service has been tested in reservoirs in the Middle East and in North America, resulting in proven diversion and significantly improved production.
Reservoir characterization software integrates data into maps
CGG GeoSoftware has released a new version of its HampsonRussell reservoir characterization software, with new features for attribute extraction and prediction along horizontal wells as well as upgraded geostatistical mapping capabilities, according to the company. HampsonRussell 10.2 provides better workflows for greater productivity with new data conditioning, inversion and map prediction features. Key features include new data conditioning processes, residual normal moveout correction and FXY deconvolution for noise attenuation and spectral balancing. Inversion can now output relative impedances for both pre- and post-stack data and extract attributes along horizontal well paths. This new information helps users mine and interpret data from derived attributes, resulting in more accurate reservoir models. The new MapPredict application is a fully integrated easy-to-use map-based geostatistical software that integrates well, seismic and attribute data into accurate, detailed maps. MapPredict encompasses the functionality of HampsonRussell’s former ISMap application and has evolved to include the ability to handle horizontal wells. MapPredict is especially suited to finding relationships between multiple seismic attribute slices and properties derived from well information such as hydrocarbon production.
Drillship design reduces development building and operating costs
The Scylax, designed by GustoMSC, makes development of the mid-water to deepwater market available with reduced building and operating costs by providing fit-for-purpose capabilities, a press release stated. The key is to focus on the essential functionality for deepwater drilling. Whereas ultradeepwater units feature ever-increasing hookloads and capacities, these requirements can be reduced for a large amount of the wells in deep water. Designing the Scylax based on these rationalized requirements allows different choices to be made in the design, reducing building and operating costs. Designed around the drilling process, the Scylax provides deepwater drilling in a compact design based on a single derrick or drilling mast setup with offl ine stand building, dual BOPs, up to 3,048 m (10,000 ft) water depth capability and ample capacity mud systems. Drilling equipment packages of all major manufacturers can be readily integrated into the design.
Software for optimization
AspenTech has released its aspenONE engineering and aspenONE manufacturing and supply chain version 9.1 software, a press release stated. The latest software release gives users the ability to conduct systemwide optimization and debottleneck the entire LNG process, which offers significant opportunity for energy savings and avoidance of unplanned downtime. Improvements to the piping and instrumentation diagram editor improve ease of use and the accuracy of estimates by refl ecting engineering designs earlier, reducing capex risk. The software update includes the new Aspen Coil Wound Exchanger, integrated with Aspen HYSYS software to complete the solution for rigorous modeling of all cryogenic heat exchangers used in LNG applications at the equipment and process level. Additionally, Aspen- Tech released a new product suite, aspenONE Asset Performance Management (APM). The suite expands the aspenONE product portfolio from engineering, manufacturing and supply chain into maintenance to address key business challenges that include process disruptions, low asset availability and unplanned downtime. The aspenONE APM suite will enable companies to optimize their assets throughout the entire plant life cycle.
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